Water supply of a residential facility is inconceivable to consider without the installation of a drainage system. Therefore, even before construction, you need to decide where and how to lay sewer pipes in a private house, how to arrange an external pipeline.
We will tell you how to lay sewer pipes within the construction and on the site. We will show you how to assemble the system and fasten its components. In our article, we present installation rules and building codes, describe the technology for performing internal wiring.
Highlights of Sewerage Construction
Without preliminary drawing up the wiring diagram of the drainage system, there can be no talk of construction. Carefully thought out, drawn up scheme will allow rational use of investment.
In addition, thanks to the preliminary drawing up of the sewage system of the building, more opportunities are opened for achieving the required system efficiency.
An example of a wiring diagram: mk - washing; ks - riser; un - toilet bowl (bidet); the mind is the washbasin; vn - bathtub, 50 and 110 - pipe diameters of horizontal lines and riser lines; 1 - siphon with cleaning; 2 - bath siphon with overflow; 3 - square; 4 - tee; 5 - a cross; 6 - adapter
The main criteria for drawing up a scheme, as a rule, are the following:
- the number of people in the territory of the residential facility;
- proposed technology for the treatment (treatment) of sewage;
- routing of external drainage lines;
- routing of lines for internal collection and drainage.
Having determined the main points of construction, they calculate the number of system components, including the meter of sewer pipes, and make a sketch of the project.
An example of a sketch of a home sewage system for two adjacent nodes: 1 - washing; 2 - toilet bowl; 3 - wash basin; 4 - bath; 5 - plumbing pipeline. The sketch also indicates the distance between the components (a, b, c, d)
Pipe routing for a one-story house
Given the availability of lightweight polypropylene pipes on the market and a full range of installation fittings, it is quite affordable to build a sewage system in a private house on your own. However, without consulting specialists and resorting to established standards, building a quality sewage system is not easy.
Scheme of the sewer network with the output to the septic tank: 1 - riser; general diversion of waste products; 3 - compensating air outlet; 4 - septic tank; 5 - treated effluents; 6 - additional final filtering
The classic sewer scheme in general contains:
- sewer riser;
- pipes connecting the internal components of the system;
- external pipeline that discharges common drains;
- receiver system.
According to existing standards for the layout of a one-story building, the areas adjacent to the external outlet point of the drains are sanitary fixtures of the kitchen and sanitary unit.
The wall separating these two rooms of the house is considered the installation site of the riser pipe. The area of the lower point of the riser pipe is discharged to the external line, and the upper one is displayed on the roof.
Part of the general wiring in a private house is an example of the practical implementation of building an internal horizontal network based on popular polypropylene pipes and other components
The most remote plumbing fixture of the economic zone is connected to the riser by a pipe with a smaller diameter and taking into account the slope towards the riser by 1.5-2º. The rules for the formation of a slope of the sewer pipe are given in our recommended article.
The laid highway is used to connect other plumbing fixtures of the economic zone. The closest appliance to the riser is traditionally the toilet.
Thus, a gravity flow diagram is created for the sewerage of a one-story private building. However, not in every case of the plumbing network device there is the possibility of organizing a gravity flow scheme. Then the problem is solved by introducing into the circuit additional equipment - a pump.
Pipeline in a 2-3-storey building
The structure of a private house on two or three floors is characterized by the arrangement of several economic and technical zones. Moreover, the arrangement of such zones is provided for on each of the existing floors. Accordingly, the layout of the sewer in such conditions seems to be a somewhat complicated schematic option compared to the first one-story house.
Classic wiring for buildings on two or more floors: 1- centralized collector; 2 - a viewing well; 3 - riser; 4, 5 - revisions; 6 - check valve; 7 - forced movement of effluents at the basement level
The regulations and rules for the construction of multi-story buildings regulate the construction of premises of the same type of functionality at a single vertical level. Therefore, the sewage system in this case, for example, regarding toilet rooms, provides for wiring for rooms located one above the other.
A riser pipe designed for ventilation of the sewerage of multi-storey buildings is passed through all floors and is brought out to the roof level, taking into account an additional rise of 0.3 m or more, if the roof is not in use.
For the option with an exploited roof, this parameter is at least 1.5 m. For pitched roofs (a popular construction of private houses), the riser is withdrawn to a height of 0.5 m from the level of the roof ridge.
Fan pipes on the roof of a private house. A good example of the quality construction of these important elements of the sewage system. However, the main point here is the correct "departure" of pipes relative to the roof level
Also, the layout of the fan riser of multi-story buildings provides for the use of compensating elements at the points of passage of the pipeline through the floors.
Accordingly, transitions through ceilings are made waterproof and sound-absorbing, equipped with special fire cuffs.
A practical example of securing polypropylene pipelines, including sewer risers using special clamps. As you can see, the mount necessarily involves the use of rubber pads
The riser pipe is fixed directly to the wall using metal clamps with rubber linings. Guidelines for selecting sewer pipes for the internal wiring device are given here, we recommend reading useful information.
The fastening is carried out without tight tightening - an invoice to ensure natural vertical free movement of the pipe. The lower part of the riser through the outlet is discharged to the external sewer line.
What do you need to know about pipe laying?
Traditionally, drain lines from plumbing fixtures such as sinks, bathtubs, and household sinks are made on the basis of pipelines with a diameter of 50 mm. The outlet channels of the toilets require a larger pipe diameter of 110 mm.
At the present stage, polypropylene pipes are traditionally used to build domestic sewer lines. However, depending on the specific project and the load (throughput) capacity of the sewer network, different diameters of linear pipelines and risers can be used.
The table below shows the options.
In any case, the diameter of the riser pipe of the sewerage scheme of a private house is always assumed to be equal to or greater relative to the largest floor drain in diameter
Gravity pipelines of horizontal lines with a diameter of 40-50 mm are mounted, observing the norm of a uniform slope equal to 0.03 m per 1 m of length.
Gravity pipelines with a diameter of 85 and 110 mm are laid, observing the norm of a uniform slope equal to 0.02 mm per 1 m of length. In this case, the maximum allowable slope angle is not more than 0.15 mm for the entire length of a separately mounted sewage section.
The use of plumbing crosses and tees is a convenient technique for piping. In addition, thanks to these elements of the circuit, patency with a lower drag coefficient is created.
Directly connecting the outlet lines and the riser are performed using tees, crosses at angles of 45º or 60º. The execution of the scheme in this way avoids clogging of pipelines during operation.
The sewerage scheme of a country house and apartment necessarily provides for the introduction of revisions (cleanings) at points of the line where the risk of clogging is high.
For a scheme in a private house, the location of such elements of the scheme is shown in the table below:
Pipeline mm | The distance between the elements on the line, m | Item type |
50 | 12 | revision |
50 | 8 | cleaning |
110, 150 | 15 | revision |
110, 150 | 10 | cleaning |
200 | 20 | revision |
Sewer construction procedure
Briefly consider the main stages in the construction of a sewer pipeline in a private house. Even if you do not decide to do the work on your own, you can control the hired specialists.
Stage # 1 - installation of the yard network
The creation of a sewer system begins with the stage of building an external (yard) network. If the length of the yard network to the existing viewing well is more than 12 meters, an additional viewing well is arranged. At the same time, the minimum permissible distance from the wall of the house to the viewing well is 3-5 m.
The following article, which we highly recommend reading, will familiarize you with the ways to install the outer part of the pipeline and the rules for laying sewer pipes in the ground.
In the laying of external sewer lines nowadays mainly polymer pipes are used, which attract light weight, excellent operational characteristics and affordable price. When laying the route above the level of seasonal freezing, heaters are used that protect the lines from the formation of ice caps.
Often, owners of private buildings have to deal with the lack of a centralized sewage network. In this case, an autonomous system for collecting and filtering effluents (septic tank) is arranged. However, the “external internal network” connection principle remains the same.
One of the simple and convenient solutions for private households is a sealed septic tank. True, its significant drawback lies in the rather big price, so not every home owner decides to pay for his purchase
Stage # 2 - the construction of the input node in the house
Next, you need to build an input node directly in the structure of a private house (foundation, basement wall). The construction of the site is carried out taking into account possible deformations, for example, due to subsidence of the structure.
The input unit and the outer pipe are securely insulated.
Input device scheme (one of the possible): 1 - crumpled clay; 2 - cement-based mortar; 3 - tarry strand; 4 - sleeve based on a steel pipe
Stage # 3 - installation of risers and bends
The next step is the installation of riser pipes of the internal network. It is recommended that these components of the circuit be assembled and preassembled without mounting or with partial mounting.
Full fastening is carried out after the final assembly of the entire system. Having completed the installation of riser pipes, horizontal drainage lines are built taking into account the required slopes.
The process of building horizontal internal drain lines provides for the laying of sockets and fittings in the direction against the movement of the effluent stream
Stage # 4 - connecting plumbing
At the final stage, plumbing fixtures are installed and each fixture is connected to the corresponding branch through a siphon pipe.
It is advisable to foresee taps for connecting the drain of such important assistants as a washing machine, dishwasher
Additionally, it is worth noting: provided that the building height is less than 10 meters, it is allowed to build the internal sewage system on the basis of pressureless pipes. At higher heights, pressure pipes are used.
The video demonstrates the video practice of wiring and laying a pipeline network, taking into account the construction of a private house. A full installation cycle, including testing the system in the simplest ways.
Knowing the procedure for arranging a drainage system from the house, you can try to build a sewer yourself. True, at the stage of laying the pipeline outside, help will be needed to deepen the pipes into the ground.
If in doubt, it is best to contact the company with a good reputation and positive recommendations from your friends. Then the sewer system will be arranged correctly and will serve your family for more than a dozen years.
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